eKwiz :: Notes of

ਡਾਟਾਬੇਸ ਮੈਨੇਜਮੈਂਟ ਸਿਸਟਮ

sI BwSw ………… dI imswl huMdI hY[

AwbjYkt AOrIAYNtf BwSw

AwbjYkt ADwirq BwSw

strkcrl pRogrwimMg BwSw

koeI nhIN

strkcrf pORgrwimMg ………… lwB idMdI hY[

modules

Control structures

dovyN a Aqy A

koeI nhIN

komy (,) nUM ………… vjoN vriqAw jWdw hY[

seprator in C

operator in C

terminator in C

delimiter in C

iek KwlI stytmYNt nUM ………… duAwrw drSwieAw jw skdw hY[

new line

blank space

semicolon

colon

Infinte (AnMq) lUp ………… huMdw hY[

useful for time delay

useless

used to terminate ex

not possible

bryk stytmYNt dI vrqoN ………… ivc kIqI jWdI hY[

selective control structures on

loop control structures on

dovyN a Aqy A

switch control structures only

ਸਹੀ ਗਲਤ

v~K-v~K ividAwrQIAW dy sbMiDq irkwrf dy iek~T ƒ fwtwbys mMinAw jw skdw hY[

shI

fwtwbys fwtw ƒ muV pRwpq krn (retireve) sMimilq krn (insert) Aqy imtwaux leI (delete) vriqAw jWdw hY[

shI

fI.bI.AYm.AYs ie~k kMipaUtrweIzf irkwrf kIipMg isstm hY[

shI

fwtwbys mYnyjmYNt isstm ie~k hwrfvyAr hY[

Zlq

fwtwbys mYnyjmYNt isstm fwtwbys ƒ mYnyj krn leI iesqymwl kIqw jWdw hY[

shI

ਛੋਟੇ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ

pRSn : fI.bI.AYm.AYs. (DBMS) vrikMg bwry dso[

auqr : DBMS dw pUrw nW fwtwbys mYnyjmYNt isstm hY[ ieh Asl iv~c iek kMipautrweIzf irkwrf r~Kx vwlw isstm huMdw hY[ ie~k DBMS fwtw ƒ ies qrIky nwl stor krdw hY ijs nwl jwxkwrI pRwpq krnw, fwtw ivc qbdIlI krnw Aqy sUcnw iqAwr krnw sOKw hovy[ ie~k DBMS dy keI v~Kry-v~Kry XUzrs huMdy hn Aqy iehnW XUzr dy fwtwbys aupr kMm krn dy AiDkwr vI v~Kry-v~Kry ho skdy hn[ ieh v~K-v~K XUzrz fwtwbys ƒ v~K v~K audySW leI vrqdy hn[ audwhrx leI: ku~J XUzrs fwtw pRwpq krdy hn Aqy kuJ iesdw bY`k-Ap lYNdy hn[

pRSn : AYNf XUzr (END USERS) qoN quhwfw kI Bwv hY?

auqr : ie~k DBMS dy keI v~Kry-v~Kry XUzrs huMdy hn Aqy iehnW XUzr dy fwtwbys aupr kMm krn dy AiDkwr vI v~Kry-v~Kry ho skdy hn[ AYNf XUzr (END USERS) DBMS dy XUzrs dI hI iek iksm huMdI hY[ ies ivc auh XUzrs Swml huMdy hn jo Asl iv~c DBMS dy lwB pRwpq krdy hn[ AYNf XUzr swDwrx drSkW qoN lY ky kwrobwrI ivSlySk vrgy sUJvwn XUzrs ho skdy hn[

pRSn : fI.bI.AYm.AYs. ivc 2-twier fI.bI.AYm.AYs. AwrkItYkcr bwry dso[

auqr : DBMS v~K iksmW dIAW AwrkItYkcrW vwly huMdy hn: ijvy ik 1-twier AwrkItYkcr, 2-tweIr AYrkItYkct, 3-tweIr AwrkItYkcr Awid[ DBMS dI 2-twier AwrkItYkcr iv~c XUzrs Aqy DBMS dy ivckwr ie~k AYplIkySn lyAr Swml kIqI jWdI hY[ ieh lyAr XUzrs dI bynqI (request) ƒ fwtwbys mYnyjmYNt isstm ƒ Byjx leI izMmyvwr huMdI hY Aqy iPr DBMS qoN imly jvwb (response) ƒ XUzrs q~k phuMcwaux dw kMm krdI hY[

pRSn : klwauf fwtwbys kI huMdw hY?

auqr : klwauf fwtwbys auh fwtwbys hY jo Awm qOr 'qy klwauf kMipaUitMg plytPwrm' qy cldw hY[ klwaUf fwtwbys ƒ vrqx leI ieMtrnYt dI vrqoN kIqI jWdI hY[ klwauf fwtwbys srivs do qrIikAW duAwrw pRwpq kIqI jw skdI hY:

pihlI ivDI iv~c, ie~k sMsQw klwauf srivs pRovweIfr qoN vrcuAl mSIn spys (Virtual Machine Space) KrIddw hY, Aqy fytwbys klwauf qy stor krdw hY[ sMsQw duAwrw fytwbys ƒ kMtrol krn leI IT stwP dI vrqoN krdI hY[ ies isstm ivc sMsQw hI fwtwbys dI ingrwnI Aqy pRbMDn leI izMmyvwr huMdI hY[
dUsrI ivDI ivc, sMsQw klwaUf srivs pRovweIfr nwl PIs ADwirq iek iekrwrnwmw krdI hY[ ies ivc fytwbys klwauf-srvr aupr hI stor rihMdw hY prMqU klwauf srivs pRovweIfr v~loN fwtwbys ƒ iek srivs dy qor (Database as a service-DBaaS) qy vrqx dI AwigAw idqI jWdI hY[

ਵੱਡੇ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ

pRSn : fwtwbys mYnyjmYNt isstm dIAW ivSySqwvW dI ivAwiKAw kro[

auqr : fwtwbys mYnyjmYNt isstm dIAW mu~K ivSySqwvW dw vrnx ies pRkwr hY:

fwty dI irfMfYNsI ƒ Gtwauxw: fwtw dI irfMfYNsI qoN Bwv hY fwtw dI fUplIkysI[ iek PweIl-ADwrq isstm iv~c ieko PweIl dIAW keI kwpIAW fwtw dI fuplIkysI v~l lY jWdIAW hn[ DBMS nwl iesdI rokQwm kIqI jw skdI hY[
fwtw ƒ SyAr krnw: fwtwbys dy v~Ko-v~Kry XUzrs Awps iv~c fwtw SyAr kr skdy hW[
fwtw ivc ie~kswrqw: iesdw ArQ hY ik fwtwbys ivc fwtw shI Aqy ie~kswr hY[ fwtw dI iekswrqw aus smyN Kqry ivc huMdI hY jdoN fwtw ivc fuplIkysI mojUd hovy[ DBMS fwty dI fuplIkysI ƒ dUr krdI hY ijs kwrn fwtw iekswr rihMdw hY[
fwtw sur~iKAw: isrP AiDkwrq XUzrs (authoirzed users) hI fwtwbys q~k phuMc kr skdy hn[ iehnW XUzrs dI pCwx XUzrs nym (username) Aqy pwsvrf dI vrqoN nwl pRmwixq huMdI hY[
pRweIvysI: fwtwbys isstm ivc ie~k XUzrs isrP aus fwtw ƒ hI dyK/vrq skdw hY ijsdI ausƒ iejwzq huMdI hY[
bYk-Ap Aqy irkvrI: fwtwbys isstm smyN-smyN qy Awpxy Awp fwtw dw bYkAp Aqy irkvrI dw kMm krdw rihMdw hY[

pRSn : fwtwbys mYnyjmYNt isstm dIAW kmIAW bwry dso[

auqr : fwtwbys mYnyjmYNt isstm dIAW mu~K kmIAW hyT ilKy Anuswr hn:

sY~tAp kImq: DBMS leI loVINdy hwrfvyAr Aqy swPtvyAr leI BwrI mwqrw iv~c invyS dI loV huMdI hY[
fwtwbys jitlqw: fwtwbys isstm dw ifzwien krnw guMJldwr, muSkl Aqy bhuq smW lYx vwlw kMm hY[
qknIkI stwP dI jrUrq: fwtwbys dI vrqoN leI qknIkI stwP dI jrUrq pYNdI hY[fwtwbys dIAW jitlqwvW ƒ sMBwlx leI ifvYlpr, ifzweInr, DBA Aqy AYNf XUzr kol pUrI muhwrq hoxI cwhIdI hY
fwtwbys PylIAr: fwtwbys isstm dI AsPlqw kImqI fwtw dy nukswn dw kwrn bx skdI hY[
pRPwrmYNs (kwrz kuSlqw): Coty sMgTnW leI rvwieqI PweIlW dw isstm bhuq vDIAw sI ikauNik auh Swndwr pRPwrmYNs idMdy hn[ pr DBMS Coty p~Dr dIAW PrmW leI mwVI pRPwrmYNs idMdw hY ikauNik ieh holI kMm krdw hY[

pRSn : fI.bI.AYm.AYs. dy AwrkItYkcr dI ivAwiKAw kro[

auqr : fwtwbys mYnyjmYNt isstm bhuq swry AMqr-sbMiDq ih~isAW nwl bixAw hY[ DBMS dI AwrkItYkcr ivc ieh inrDwirq kIqw jWdw hY ik iks qrHW iehnW ih~isAW ƒ sMgiTq kIqw jwvy[ ie~k DBMS dw AwrkItYkcr Centralized (swrw fwtw ie~k sQwn qy stor krnw), Decentralized (v~Ko v~Kry sQwnW qy fwtwbys dIAW keI kw~pIAW) jW Hierarchical AwrkItYkcr qy ADwirq ho skdw hY[ AwrkItYkcr dw audyS XUzr-AYplIkySnW Aqy BOiqk-fwtwbys ƒ v~K krnw huMdw hY[ fwtwbys AwrkItYkcr dIAW hyT ilKIAW kuJ iksmW huMdIAW hn:

1-twier DBMS AwrkItYkcr : ies iv~c fwtwbys XUzrs ƒ fwtw stor krn leI is~Dy qOr 'qy aupl~bD huMdw hY[
2-twier DBMS AwrkItYkcr : ies AwrkItYkcr iv~c XUzrs Aqy DBMS dy ivckwr ie~k AYplIkySn lyAr Swml kIqI jWdI hY[ ieh lyAr XUzrs dI bynqI (request) ƒ fwtwbys mYnyjmYNt isstm ƒ Byjx leI izMmyvwr huMdI hY Aqy iPr DBMS qoN imly jvwb (response) ƒ XUzrs q~k phuMcwaux dw kMm krdI hY[
3-twier DBMS AwrkItYkcr : ies AwrkItYkr dI vrqoN Awm qor qy vY~b AYplIkySnW leI kIqI jWdI hY[ 3-twier ArkItYkcr iv~c ie~k vwDU pRYzntySn lyAr Swml kIqI jWdI hY, jo ik AYNf XUzr ƒ DBMS nwl sMprk krn leI ie~k gRwPIkl XUzr ieMtrPys (GUI) pRdwn krdw hY[

pRSn : fwtw bys lweIP sweIkl bwry ivsQwr nwl dso[

auqr : ie~k swPtvyAr/isstm ifvYlpmYNt lweIP sweIkl mwfl (SDLC) v~K-v~K kwrjW dw ie~k smUh huMdw hY jo ie~k swPtvyAr AYplIkySn ivkisq krn dy kMm ƒ pUrw krn leI pRBwiSq huMdw hY[ iksy vI swPtvyAr/isstm ƒ ivkisq krn dIAW keI pRikirAwvW huMdIAW hn:

XojnwbMdI (Planning): sm~isAw dw ivSlySn krnw Aqy ausƒ pirBwiSq krnw
zrUrqW (Requirements): XUzrs dIAW jrUrqW ƒ jwnxw
ifzwien (Design): fwtwbys dw lwjIkl Aqy PIjIkl ifzweIn iqAwr krnw
ivkws (Development): ifzweIn Anuswr fwtwbys iqAwr krnw
lwgU krn (Implementation): fwtwbys isstm ƒ XUzr dy kMipaUtr isstmW ivc ieMstwl krnw
tYsitMg (Testing): fwtwbys ivc fwtw Br ky ausdI jWc krnw
ieMstwlySn Aqy dyK-Bwl (Installation and Maintenance): fwtwbys isstm ivc Aw rhIAW sm~isAwvW dy h~l leI jW fwtwbys ivc suDwr krn leI aus ivc bdlwv krnw[

pRSn : fwtwbys dI hweIrwrkI dw cwrt bxwE[

auqr : s

ਬਹੁਤ ਛੋਟੇ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ

iksy ivSyS AweItm dI sMbMiDq jwxkwrI ƒ kI ikhw jw skdw hY?

irkwrf

PweIlW jW tybls dy BMfwr ƒ kI ikhw jWdw hY?

fwtwbys

fI.bI.AYm.AYs. dw kI ArQ hY?

fwtwbys mYnyjmYNt isstm

jo Asl iv~c fwtwbys dy ifzweIinMg ih~sy qy kMm krdy hn, auhnW lokW dy smUh ƒ kI ikhw jWdw hY?

fwtwbys ifzweInr

DBMS ƒ kwiem r~Kx Aqy fwtwbys dy pRbMDn krn leI iks dI ijMmyvwrI huMdI hY?

fwtwbys AYfmInIstRytr