Class - 11 :: Chapter 3

ਸਾਈਬਰ ਖਤਰੇ ਅਤੇ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਆ

ਖਾਲੀ ਥਾਵਾਂ ਭਰੋ

1) kMipaUtr pRxwlI ƒ dUiSq kr idMdy hn[

au`qr : mwlvyAr

2) ............ie~k ifzItl kof huMdw hY jo iksy Aw~nlweIn dsqwvyz ƒ vYrIPweI krdw hY[

au`qr : fIzItl isgnycr

3) AYNtIvweIrs swPtvyAr swfy kMipaUtr ƒ ............ qoN sur~iKAq krdw hY[

au`qr : vwiers

4) ............ kMipaUtr ADwirq pRxwlI iv~c ie~k sur~iKAw kMD dI qrW kMm krdI hY[

au`qr : Pwiervwl

5) koeI Ax-AiDkwirq ivAkqI ............ duAwrw iksy vY~b sweIt iv~c bdlwA kr skdw hY[

au`qr : vYb jYikMg

ਬਹੁਤ ਛੋਟੇ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ

1) pihlw AweI.tI. AYkt kdoN hoNd iv~c AwieAw?

au`qr : 17 AkqUbr, 2000

2) koeI do AYNtIvweIrs swPtvyArW dy nwm d~so?

au`qr : AvIrw, nortrn AYNtIvweIrs

3) CERT-IN dw sMKyp rUp (full form) ilKo?

au`qr : ieMfIAn kMipaUtr AYmrjYNsI irspoNs tIm

4) ITA 2000 dw sMKyp rUp (full form) ilKo?

au`qr : ienPwrmySn tYknolojI AYkt 2000

ਛੋਟੇ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ

1) vY~b jYikMg bwry jwxkwrI idE?

au`qr : vY~b jYikMg vI iek sweIbr AprwD hY[ ieh hweI jYikMg dI qrW ie~k Ax-AiDkwirq kwrvweI huMdI hY[ ies iv~c iksy hYkr duAwrw Awpxy in~jI ih~qW leI iksy vI vY~b sweIt ƒ jYk krky aus vY~b sweIt qy peI sUcnw ƒ bdl id~qw jWdw hY[ ipCly smyN iv~c vY~b hYkrW dUAwrw minstRI AwP ienPrmySn tYknolojI Aqy bMby kRwiem bRWc dI vY~b sweIt ƒ hYk kIqw igAw sI jo ik iek Ax-AiDkwirq Aw`nlweIn kwrvweI sI[ hYkrW duAwrw ies qrHW dI kwrvweI ƒ vY~b jYikMg ikhw jWdw hY[

2) slYmI AtYk/hmly kI huMdy hn?

au`qr : slYmI AtYk vI iek sweIbr AprwD hY[ ies qrHW dy Aw~nlweIn hmly Awm qOr qy bYNikMg Kyqr iv~c izAwdw dyKx ƒ imldy hn[ ies qrHW dy AwnlweIn hmilAW iv~c iksy bYNk dy gRwhkW dy KwiqAW iv~coN QoVy-QoVy smyN bwAd QoVy-QoVy pYsy k~Fky iksy Axjwx ivAkqI (slYmI AtYkr) dy Kwqy iv~c jWdy rihMdy hn[ gRwhk ƒ ies bwry pqw vI nhIN cldw ikauNik Aijhy AwnlweIn hmilAW iv~c auhnW gRwhkW dy KwiqAW ƒ hI inSwnw bxwieAw jWdw hY ijhnW dy KwiqAW iv~c rwSI izAwdw rihMdI hY Aqy pYsy dw lYx-dyx v~D huMdw hY[

3) AYNtIvwiers swPtvyAr bwry sMKyp jwxkwrI idE?

au`qr : AYNtIvwiers ie~k Aijhw swPtvyAr hY jo swfy kMipaUtr ƒ iksy vI qrW dy vwiers qoN sur~iKAq r~Kdw hY[ iesƒ AYNtI-mwlvyAr vI ikhw jWdw hY ikauNik koeI vI vwiers ie~k mwlvyAr huMdw ijsdy ivru~D ieh kMm krdw hY[ ieh swPtvyArz swfy kMipaUtr iv~c vwiers ƒ jW qW Awaux hI nhIN idMdw jykr Aw vI jwvy qW ieh kMipaUtr ƒ skYn krky vwiers ƒ Kqm kr idMdw hY[ Ajoky smyN keI iksm dy AYNtIvwiers swPtvyAr auplbD hn ijvyN ik AVG, AVIRA, McAfee, Avast, KASPERSKY, Ad-Aware, Norton Awid[

4) AweI.tI.AYkt 2000 dy koeI cwr audyS ilKo?

au`qr : AweI.tI.AYkt 2000 dy mu~K audyS hyTW idqy gey hn:

ielYktRoink sUcnw Aqy fwtw sMcwr ƒ kwƒnI mwnqw dyxw[
fwtw jW sUcnW ƒ Aw~nlweIn stor krn dI suivDw pRdwn krnw[
sweIbr AprwDW dI rokQwm leI kwƒnI FWcy dI ivvsQw krnw[
bYNkW iv~c ielYktRoink PMf trWsPr nIqI ƒ mwnqw dyxw[
smu~cy Bwrq iv~c ielYktRoink-kwmrs ƒ lwgU krnw[

ਵੱਡੇ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ

1) sweIbr hmly kI huMdy hn? pMj qrHW dy sweIbr hmilAW dw vrxn kro?

au`qr : ieMtrnYt dI dunIAw iv~c auhnW swrIAW kwrvweIAW ƒ sweIbr hmilAW dI SRyxI iv~c r~iKAw jWdw hY ijhnW rwhIN ieMtrnY~t dI vrqoN krdy hoey kMipaUtr ADwirq pRxwlIAW ƒ nukswn phuMcwieAw jWdw hY[ ku~J mu~K sweIbr hmilAW dw vrnx ies pRkwr hY:

pwiersI: ies ivc iksy ivAkqI duAwrw iksy swPtvyAr jW hor sm~grI ƒ ausdy Asl mwlk dI mnzUrI Aqy ie~Cw qoN ibnW kw~pI krky mwrkIt iv~c vyicAw jWdw hY[
vYb-jYikMg: ies iv~c iksy hYkr duAwrw Awpxy in~jI ih~qW leI iksy vI vY~b sweIt ƒ jYk krky aus vY~b sweIt qy peI sUcnw ƒ bdl id~qw jWdw hY[
slYmI-AtYk: ies iv~c iksy bYNk dy gRwhkW dy KwiqAW iv~coN QoVy-QoVy smyN bwAd QoVy-QoVy pYsy k~Fky iksy Axjwx ivAkqI (slYmI AtYkr) dy Kwqy iv~c jWdy rihMdy hn[
stw~ikMg: ies iksy ivAkqI duAwrw ieMtrnYt AYplIkySnW jW soSl mIfIAw dI vrqoN krdy hoey iksy dUsry ivAkqI ƒ aus dI ie~Cw dy ivru~D koeI sMdyS jW Ax-auic~q sm~grI ByjI jWdI hY[
hYikMg: ies ivc iksy nw iksy qrIky iksy ivAkqI dy kMipaUtr, ausdy soSl mIfIAw AkwaUNt jW vYbsweIt nwl CyVCwV krky ausƒ nukswn phuMcwieAw jWdw hY[

2) sweIbr hmilAW dy kwrnW dI ivsQwr sihq ivAwiKAw kro?

au`qr : sweIbr hmilAW dy ku~J mu~K kwrnW dw vrnx hyTW kIqw igAw hY:

ieMtrnYt q~k Awswn phuMc: Ajoky smyN ivc ieMtrnYt dI vrqoN krnw bhuq Awswn ho igAw hY[ lok ieMtrnYt aupr v~K-v~K qrIikAW nwl jwxy-Axjwxy AwpxI in~jI jwxkwrI SyAr kr rhy hn[ Aijhw krn nwl sweIbr AprwDIAW ƒ sweIbr hmly krn ivc bl imldw hY[
qknIkI jwxkwrI dI Gwt: lok AwswnI nwl ieMtrnYt dw iesqymwl qW kr rhy hn, prMqU bhuqy lokW ƒ ieMtrnYt sMbMDI qknIkI jwxkwrI iblkul vI nhIN huMdI[ Aijhy ivAkqI Axjwx ilMks jW sweIts aupr AwpxI in~jI jwxkwrI Brky sweIbr AprwDIAW dy jwl ivc P~s jWdy hn[
sikaUirtI Aqy pRweIvysI dI suc~jI vrqoN nw krnw: bhuqy lok ieMtrnYt dI vrqoN smyN iksy qrHW dI sikaUirtI jW pRweIvysI dI vrqoN nhIN krdy, ijs kwrx sweIbr AprwDI AwswnI nwl auhnW dy AwnlweIn KwiqAW ƒ nukswn phuMcw skdy hn[
AprwiDk bu~DI jW bdly dI Bwvnw: Ajoky smyN iv~c bhuq swry mnu~KW dI AprwiDk bu~DI Aqy bdly dI Bwvnw krky vI sweIbr hmly v~D rhy hn[
AweI.tI. AprwD Aqy kwƒn dI AigAwnqw: sweIbr hmilAW dI igxqI ies krky vI v`DdI jw rhI hY ikauNik bhuqy lokW ƒ AweI.tI. AprwDW Aqy aus sbMDI bxy kwƒnW dw igAwn nhIN hY[

3) mwlvyAr qoN kI Bwv hY? mwlvyAr dIAW pMj iksmW dI ivAwiKAw kro?

au`qr : mwlvyAr (Malware) AMgryzI dy do SbdW mwl (Mal) Aqy vyAr (Ware) qoN bixAw hY[ mwl (Mal) Sbd Malicious Sbd qoN bixAw hY Aqy Ware Sbd Software qoN ilAw igAw hY[ ies qrHW AsIN kih skdy hW ik auhnW swPtvyArW dy smUh ƒ mwlvyAr ikhw jWdw jo iksy nw iksy rUp iv~c kMipaUtr ADwirq isstmW ƒ dUiSq krn jW nukswn phuMcwaux leI bxwey jWdy hn[ kMipaUtr vwiers mwlvyAr dI ie~k swDwrx audwhrx hY[ mwlvyArW dIAW ku~J mu~K iksmW dI ivAwiKAw ies pRkwr hY:

kMipaUtr vwiers: ieh Aijhy mwlvyAr swPtvyAr huMdy hn jo kMipaUtr iv~c Aw ky swfy fwtw Aqy kMipaUtr dI kwrj pRxwlI ƒ dUiSq kr idMdy hn[
spweIvyAr: ieh Aijhy mwlvyAr swPtvyAr huMdy hn jo ibnW AwigAw iksy kMipaUtr iv~c dwKl ho ky ausdI gupq sUcnw jW fwtw ieMtrnYt rwhIN sweIbr-AprwDIAW kol ByjI jWdy hn[ ies qrHW ieh swPtvyAr ie~k jwsUs dI qrHW kMm krdy hn[
rYnsmvyAr: ieh Aijhy mwlvyAr swPtvyAr huMdy hn jo smu~cy kMipaUtr isstm jW iksy jrUrI dsqwvyz ƒ lw~k (LOCK) kr idMdy hn[ iPr sweIbr-AprwDIAW v~loN kMipaUtr/dsqwvyz ƒ Anlw~k krn dy bdly pYisAW dI iPrOqI mMgI jWdI hY[
trojn hors: ieh Aijhy mwlvyAr swPtvyAr huMdy hn jo SurU-SurU iv~c kMipaUtr XUzr nwl im~qrqw vwlw vrqwau krdy hn Aqy bwAd iv~c kMipaUtr dw kMtrol Asl XUzr qoN Koh ky swiebr-AprwDIAW dy h~Q ivc dy idMdy hn[
bRwaUzr hYikMg: ieh Aijhy mwlvyAr swPtvyAr huMdy hn jo XUzr dy vY~b-bRwaUzr ƒ hYk krky ausdy vYb-bRwaUzr dIAW sYitMgW ƒ bdl idMdy hn Aqy aus bRwaUzr qy ku~J vY~b sweItW Awpxy Awp Ku~lx lw idMdy hn[

4) sweIbr sur~iKAw kI huMdI hY? pMj sweIbr sur~iKAw qknIkW dw vrxn kro?

au`qr : sweIbr hmilAW dI mwr qoN bcx leI keI qrW dIAW qknIkW vrqIAW jWdIAW hn[ iehnW v~K-v~K qknIkW ƒ hI smUihk qOr qy sweIbr sur~iKAW dw nwm id~qw jWdw hY[ ku~J mu~K sweIbr sur~iKAw qknIkW dw vrnx ies pRkwr hY:

pRmwxIkrx(Authentication): ieh ie~k AijhI sweIbr sur~iKAw qknIk hY ijs iv~c kMipaUtr XUzr ieh inrDwirq krdw hY ik kox ausdy kMipaUtr isstm ƒ vrq skdw hY kox nhIN[
stRWg pwsvrf (Strong Password): ieh ie~k AijhI sweIbr sur~iKAw qknIk hY ijs ivc iksy isstm dI vrqoN leI iek XUzrnym Aqy pwsvrf dI vrqoN kIqI jWdI hY[ pwsvrf guMJldwr Aqy sKq hoxw cwhINdw hY qW ik hYkrz leI ausƒ qoVnw jW corI krnw AOKw hovy[
ienikRpSn (Encryption): ieh ie~k AijhI sweIbr sur~iKAw qknIk hY ijs ivc swfy v~loN nYtrvrk aupr ByijAw jwx vwlw fwtw nw smJ Awaux vwly ivSyS icMnHW ivc qbdIl kr idqw jWdw hY qW ik fwtw tRWsmISn dorwn ausƒ koeI pVH nw sky
AYNtIvwiers: ie~k Aijhw swPtvyAr hY jo swfy kMipaUtr ƒ iksy vI qrW dy vwiers qoN sur~iKAq r~Kdw hY[ iesƒ AYNtI-mwlvyAr vI ikhw jWdw hY[ ieh swPtvyArz swfy kMipaUtr iv~c vwiers ƒ jW qW Awaux hI nhIN idMdw jykr Aw vI jwvy qW ieh kMipaUtr ƒ skYn krky vwiers ƒ Kqm kr idMdw hY[ AVG, AVIRA, Norton Awid ku~J mShUr AYNtIvwiers hn[
Pwiervwl (Firewall): ieh ie~k AijhI sweIbr sur~iKAw qknIk hY jo kMipaUtr Aqy kMipaUtr nYtvrk ƒ vweIrs jW hor iksy vI iksm dy sweIbr hmly qoN sur~iKAq krdI hY[ ieh ie~k mzbUq dIvwr bxky swfy kMipaUtr ƒ hr qrHW dy mwlvyAr qoN bcwauNdI hY Aqy iksy vI AxAiDkwirq ivAkqI ƒ swfy kMipaUtr ƒ AsYs krn dI AwigAw nhIN idMdI[

5) AweI.tI. AYkt 2000 kI hY? ies dIAW ivSysqwvW dw vrxn kro?

au`qr : sweIbr KqirAW ƒ iDAwx ivc r~Kdy hoey, ienPrmySn tYknolojI dI vrqoN ƒ kwƒnI dwiery AMdr ilAwaux leI BwrqI srkwr ny 17 AkqUbr, 2000 ƒ ie~k AYkt pws kIqw sI, ijsƒ IT (ienPrmySn tYknolojI) ACT 2000 dw nwm id~qw igAw[ ies AYkt ƒ ITA 2000 vI ikhw jWdw hY[ ies AYkt dIAW ku~J mu~K ivSysqwvW ies pRkwr hn:
AweI.tI. AYkt dIAW ivSysqwvW:

ies AYkt iv~c ifzItl isgnycr (dsqKq) ƒ kwƒnI mwnqw id~qI geI hY[
ies AYkt iv~c ielYktRoink mwiDAmW rwhIN kIqy jwx vwly iv~qI lYx dyx ƒ pUrI mwnqw id~qI geI hY[
ieh AYkt pUrn qOr qy sweIbr kRwiem Aqy ielYktRoink kwmrs nwl sbMiDq AYkt hY[
ies AYkt iv~c srkwrI dPqrW Aqy eyjMsIAW dy Pwrm Aw~nlweIn jmHW krn ƒ kwnUnI mwnqw id~qI geI hY[
ies AYkt iv~c ie~k sweIbr ApIl rYgUlySn itRibaUnl dI sQwpnw kIqI geI hY jo sweIbr sMbMDI ApIlW qy kwrvweI krdw hY[
ies AYkt Anuswr sweIbr ApIl rYgUlySn itRibaUnl dy AwdyS dy iKlwP suxvweI isrP suprIm kort iv~c hI ho skdI hY[